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Advanced carbon material

Graphene

A single atom of carbon, infinite implications. Two decades after its isolation in Manchester, graphene is moving out of the lab and into concrete, batteries, coatings, and composites.

130GPa
Tensile strength
200× steel
5,000W/m·K
Thermal cond.
13× copper
200kcm²/V·s
Electron mobility
140× silicon
2,630m²/g
Surface area
Theoretical

What is graphene

Graphene is a two-dimensional allotrope of carbon: a single layer of atoms locked in a repeating hexagonal lattice. That structure is the source of every headline property, with in-plane bonds among the strongest in nature and a sea of delocalised electrons that carries charge and heat with almost no resistance. Graphene has moved out of the lab and into real products, and it is now used across coatings, composites, batteries, sensors and electronics. The focus today is on scaling consistent, high quality supply to meet that demand.

Material properties

What makes graphene exceptional

Thermal conductivityHighest ever measured, ~5,000 W/m·K
Strength130 GPa, higher than steel
UV resistanceBlocks harmful UV rays by up to 70%
ImpermeabilityBlocks all other elements, even hydrogen
Electron mobilityUp to 200,000 cm²/V·s, far above silicon
Electrical resistanceResistivity of just 0.2×10⁻⁶ Ω·cm
Flame resistantReduces flammability when added to polymers
ThinnessA single layer is just 0.345 nm
High surface areaAs much as 2,630 m²/g
FlexibilityStretches up to 25% of its length
TransparentTransmits about 97.2% of light
StiffnessYoung's modulus 0.95 to 1.1 TPa

Market outlook

A market scaling fast

$550M+
Global graphene market, 2025
~200
Companies producing or supplying graphene worldwide
20+
Application sectors in active development
The Graphene Report cover

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Where graphene appears in our coverage

Application sectors

How graphene fits the carbon ecosystem

Ecosystem map

4Raw sources
18Processing routes
1Advanced materials
27End applications
RAW SOURCESINTERMEDIATEPROCESSINGADVANCED MATERIALSEND APPLICATIONSPetroleumMineralOtherBiomassCarbon Bearing …Natural GraphiteSynthetic Graph…Petroleum Produ…PlasticsCoalLigninBiomaterialsIndustrial by-p…Captured CO₂PitchPlasmaPyrolysisCavitationChemical Exfoli…Electrochemical…High Shear Mixi…Liquid Exfoliat…Mechanical Clea…Hummers or Modi…SonicationThermal Exfolia…Epitaxial GrowthFlash Joule Hea…Laser AblationLaser Induced G…CVDBall Milling / …GraphitizationGrapheneCompositesBatteriesConcreteAsphaltTextilesPackagingAerospaceAutomotiveCoatingsConductive InksConstructionDefense RelatedElectronicsEMI ShieldingEnergy Generati…HealthcareHydrogenLubricantsMembranes & Fil…Oil & GasOptoelectronicsPlastics (Appli…PolymersRubber & Synthe…SensorsSporting GoodsThermal Managem…
Raw Sources
Intermediate
Processing
Advanced Materials
End Applications

The above is for illustration purposes only and does not represent every possible data point.

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Innovation activity

Graphene patents

Live tracking

Tracked live from the Advanced Carbons Council patents database, updated as new filings are indexed.

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Standards and certification

Key Graphene standards

Recent coverage

What we’re reporting

All graphene articles

Industry directory

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Used in these applications

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At a glance

FormulaC (sp²)
Structure2D hexagonal
Isolated2004
Nobel Prize2010
Layer thickness0.345 nm